SHIKHAR MAINS 2022 - DAY 10 Model Answer English
Q1: गैर सरकारी संगठन से क्या अभिप्राय है? जनकल्याण के संदर्भ में इनकी भूमिका को बताते हुए इनसे जुड़ी चिंताओ की भी चर्चा कीजिये।
What do you mean by NGO? While explaining their role in the context of public welfare, also discuss the concerns related to them.
Approach:
• Define the NGO in the role.
• Discuss their importance in the context of public welfare in the second part of the answer.
• Discuss the concerns related to them in the third part of the answer.
• Give a positive conclusion at the end of the answer.
Answer:
NGO refers to a private organization that undertakes activities to alleviate the suffering of the people, to promote the interests of the poor, to protect the environment, to provide basic social services or for community development. They do not distribute the profit among their owners and directors, but the profit received has to be invested in the organization itself. They are targeted at a public purpose. Through the Society Act of 1860, if any voluntary group wants to work in the public interest, then it is provided necessary support by the government and civil society.
Importance of NGO:
· During the independence movement, the way these NGOs played their important role in social welfare, due to which the Society Registration Act was not only kept in force after independence.
· They are becoming very useful in the context that where there is a shortage of human resources, they can become partners of the government.
· These NGOs are making democracy more effective by political communication between governance and citizens.
· Through research etc., they are playing a decisive role in good governance. These include drafting policies, outlining the reforms required and data management for proper compliance.
· The presence of NGOs enables participative democracy by giving expression to the voice of citizens.
· They help in spreading awareness, social mobilization, service delivery, training, study and research and giving voice to public expectation. They ensure political accountability by communicating and monitoring the performance of the government.
· Many major bills such as right to food, right to education or MGNREGA and most importantly right to information were passed only with the intervention of NGOs.
Along with the above positive work, there are some concerns related to NGOs, which can be understood from the following points:
· They are also involved in criminal activities like money laundering. According to an Intelligence Bureau report, they are involved in activities that are prejudicial to national interests, may affect public interests or adversely affect the security, scientific, strategic or economic interests of the country.
· According to the report, due to these, there is a negative impact of 2-3 percent per annum on GDP growth.
· Government funds are misused by many NGOs and the correct details of their money are not made available to the Income Tax Department in time.
NGOs empower communities, so there is a need to support them, not their repression. Government and NGOs should act as partners and play complementary roles to achieve common goals based on the basic principle of mutual trust and respect and have shared responsibilities and rights. Therefore, at present, there should be a regulatory body in this context as well.
Q2: ग्रामीण विकास के लिए स्वयं सहायता समूहों की आवश्यकता पर चर्चा करते हुए इनके द्वारा सामना की जा रही प्रमुख चुनौतियों को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Discuss the need of Self-Help Groups for rural development and explain the major challenges being faced by them.
Approach -
• Start the answer by writing about self-help group.
• In the first part of the answer, write the need for self-help groups for rural development.
• Explain the challenges being faced after this.
• Finally conclude the answer by suggestion.
Answer –
Self Help Groups are a group of poor people who come together for a common purpose and are associated with the spirit of economic cooperation to solve problems, to development. For this, group members create small funds through savings.
Need of Self-Help Groups:
• Work to reduce the gap between the disadvantaged groups related to banking facilities.
• Strive to spread financial awareness in groups.
• These groups encourage their members to make small savings.
• SHG gets institutional credit easily, so that its members do not have to depend on moneylenders or other non-institutional sources.
• Self Help Groups create employment opportunities as well as encourage enterprise.
• Women in rural areas get rights, provide a means of obtaining additional income.
Challenges being faced by SHG:
• Lack of skills among members. Due to lack of expertise, they are not able to make proper progress.
• There is lack of adequate infrastructure in the rural area. Lack of means of transport, communication is a hindrance in their progress.
• Caste and gender-based discrimination has also created problems in their formation.
• There is also a lack of training institutions for essential employment.
Recommendations of Bimal Jalan Committee:
• Making biometrics mandatory for SHG members.
• Direct banks to inform beneficiaries and information on options.
• Making provision for skill training.
• To provide information on schemes at the grassroots level with dissemination of education to ensure participation of women.
Self Help Groups play a major role in development of rural areas. A growing number of poor people join this group which helps to generate employment opportunities and also encourage saving habits among them. It helps to create awareness about the economic condition and also offering women the possibility to break gradually away from exploitation and isolation.
