SHIKHAR MAINS 2022 - DAY 14 Model Answer English

Q1. कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता कृषि में क्रांति ला सकती  है। टिप्पणी कीजिये। 

Artificial intelligence can revolutionize agriculture. Comment. 

Approach-

·       Write mentioning the status of agricultural infrastructure in introduction.

·       Conclude by writing the use of artificial intelligence in agriculture.

Answer- 

          In most parts of India, agricultural work is done for subsistence. There is limited size of land holdings, lack of proper management of market system and supply chain, lack of awareness among marginal farmers regarding various schemes and techniques. However, the government is working with new initiatives and agricultural programs to improve the agriculture sector and create better avenues for rural development.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture:

•      Use of AI to analyse agricultural data: Hundreds and thousands of types of data (such as soil, fertilizer effectiveness, weather, pests or diseases, etc.) are available every day in different components of agriculture. With the help of AI, farmers will be able to analyse various types of data (like weather conditions, temperature, water usage or soil conditions collected from their fields etc.) in real time every day and make better decisions by identifying problems.

•      Role of AI in Weather Forecasting - AI is being used by farmers in different parts of the world to model weather forecasting to improve agricultural accuracy and increase productivity.

•      Role of AI in estimating accuracy in agriculture - Agricultural AI techniques are used to detect diseases, pests and nutritional deficiencies etc. in plants to bring more accuracy in agriculture.

•      Role of AI in Soil and Crop Health Monitoring System - A German-based tech start-up PEAT has developed an AI-based application called Plantix that can identify nutrient deficiencies in soil including plant pests and diseases. Thereby the farmers can also get an idea of ​​using fertilizer which helps in improving the quality of the crop. Trace Genomics is a machine learning based company that helps farmers to analyse soil.

•      Agricultural robotics can be used in agriculture to control weeds and harvest crops faster than humans. AI Agriculture Bots can be a suitable solution.

•      Role of AI based chatbots - Chatbots can be used for agriculture related consultations. Farmers' questions are answered through the role of agricultural experts.

           AI in agriculture can bring a change in agriculture by providing high quality crop production, precision farming at low cost to the farmers. This will not only increase the production but will also help in achieving the goal of doubling the income of the farmers by 2022.

Q2. भारत मे खाद्य प्रसंस्करण आपूर्ति शृंखला प्रबंधन की चुनौतियों का उल्लेख करते हुए इसके समाधान का मार्ग प्रस्तुत कीजिये ?

Mentioning the challenges of food processing supply chain management in India, discuss ways to overcome it?

Approach-

•      Write about supply chain management in the introduction.

•      Write the challenges of food processing supply chain management.

•      Give suitable conclusions while writing solutions to the challenges of food processing supply chain management.

Answer-

          Supply chain management is a network of various partners ranging from production to manufacturing, distribution, transportation, wholesalers, retailers, etc. In fact, it is the management of the flow of goods and services.

Challenges in Food Processing Supply Chain Management-

•      Problems of connectivity - There is a lack of better connectivity between villages, cities and markets.

•      Lack of infrastructure - This creates problems in sorting, grading, transportation, communication, pricing etc. of products. Indian National Highways account for only 2% of the total road network, but carry 40% of all cargo.

•      Lack of better technology - This creates the problem of maintenance and smart working of goods and services. Tracking and tracing of products is not possible.

•      Other challenges - Lack of proper market, slow development of rail network and water transport, lack of public awareness, lack of coordination among various industries, institutions, NGOs, lack of risk management, lack of skills and innovation, lack of applied research, taxation issues, access to credit, obsolete technologies, etc.

Solutions-

•      Developing basic infrastructure.

•      Government is developing basic infrastructure through schemes like Bharat Nirman, Sampada Yojana, establishment of Mega Food Parks, Sagar Mala Yojana.

•      Coordination of various institutions and committees.

•      Quality transport means should be developed to ensure access to the market. So that the delivery system can be better.

•      Market risk management should be rationalized.

•      Efforts should be made to make the financial system fair and effective along with skill development in this area.

•      Technological expansion and availability of techniques should be ensured.

•      Smart governance and smart governance should be promoted.

           Public and private partnerships should be promoted to support the development of facilities such as grading, sorting, packing, pre-cooling, handling facilities, insurance, finance, transportation and processing facilities.