SHIKHAR MAINS 2022 - DAY 19 Model Answer English
Q1. अभिवृत्ति से आप क्या समझते है? यह संज्ञात्मक, भावात्मक एवं क्रियात्मक तत्वो का समुच्चय है? स्पष्ट कीजिये।
What do you understand by attitude? It is a set of cognitive, affective and functional elements? Explain.
Approach:
· Explain attitude in the introduction.
· Conclude by writing about the cognitive, emotional and functional elements in the body.
Answer:
Attitude means that when a person's idea or opinion on a subject matter change into behavior involving emotion, then it is called attitude. Attitude is the positive or negative behavior of a person in relation to the social environment of a person such as an object, event, issue etc.
In the words of Freeman – “Attitude is the natural readiness to respond in a consistent manner to certain situations, persons or things, which has been learned and which has become the characteristic way of reacting by a particular person.” It is positive or can be negative or neutral.
Attitude is the set of 3 elements -
• Thoughtful or Cognitive - It is related to belief or idea / opinion. It refers to the cognitive side of attitude, in which one develops a general perception about an event, object or person. Changing this aspect is relatively easy.
• Affective - It is related to feeling. In a person, some emotion arises in the mind with respect to some object or event or person. That is, it shows the feeling generated in the mind of a person due to the internalization of the external.
• Activity - It is related to behavior. When a person gets attached to knowledge and emotion, then his reaction also takes place. For example, when we like or dislike a person, then a glimpse of that element starts appearing in our behavior.
In a social environment, the individual interacts with the object, with the individual, with the event, with the situation, with the issues and with others and each has an opinion/idea of the individual. When emotional and practical aspects are involved in this opinion, it shows attitude. Like we are motivated to speak the truth from childhood. Which is the functional side of the attitude. When we believe in the notion of speaking the truth and the spirit of speaking the truth develops in us. It shows the emotional side of the attitude. When we speak the truth in our behavior following the moral principle of speaking the truth. So that is the functional side of the attitude.
Q2. मूल्यों के विकास मे परिवार, समाज और शैक्षिक संस्थानो की भूमिका को स्पष्ट कीजिए?
Explain the role of family, society and educational institutions in the development of values.
Approach:
· Write the appropriate introduction on the basis of present situation and socialization of values.
· Explain the role of family, society and educational institutions in the development of human values.
· Give the example of Indian Constitution and write the conclusion highlighting the importance of values.
Answer:
For the development of morality in the schools of ancient India, not only religion-based education but also value based education was provided. The effect of globalization is visible in the modern education system. In this era of globalization, the participation of value-based education is continuously decreasing. The increasing trend of communalism, casteism, violence, intolerance and theft and dacoity etc. are examples of violation of values in the society.
Values are the basic element of personality development of an individual. In development of values, our society, family friend, school etc. have an important role. Which provides the basis for our decision of right and wrong. Values are developed through the process of socialization. That is, this process starts from the time of birth and continues throughout life.
Role of family, society and educational institutions in the development of human values:
• Family is the first school of a person's life. This is the rites and culture of one generation, which are transferred to the next generation.
• If the family believes in values like democratic values, tolerance, secularism, then the same type of values develops in the person or child.
• The values learned from the family are tested in the school of the society.
• The type of society there is, there is full potential for development of the same type of values. As a child comes in contact with the society, in the same way his values keep on developing and changing. There is an impact on the moral norms of the society and its nature etc., due to social media, different social groups, different types of traditions etc..
• It is easy to develop tolerance, patience, harmony, democratic ideas etc. in a society with different types of religious groups, castes and cultural diversity.
• Education policy and educational institutions have special importance in the development of human values.
• At present, in the National Education Policy, 2020, special emphasis has been laid on developing moral values in the educational system.
• The main aim of education is to develop logical sense in the students, scientific attitude as well as develop values like sympathy, compassion, honesty, democratic values, independence integrity.
• There is a possibility of development of constitutional and social values through educational institutions. This can better build an inclusive and pluralistic society.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution opposes discrimination against any person on the basis of caste, religion, language and sex. Even after these years of the implementation of the Constitution, instances of discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, language and gender are easily found in our schools. A better society can be created by the development of positive political and social people.
