SHIKHAR MAINS 2022 - DAY 5 Model Answer English
Q1: क्षेत्रवाद से आप क्या समझते हैं? भारतीय संदर्भों में क्षेत्रवाद का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।
what do you understand by regionalism , Critically examine regionalism in the Indian context.
Approach-
· Define the concept of regionalism in introduction.
· Discuss the positive aspects of regionalism in the Indian context.
· Discuss with examples the dangers posed by regionalism.
· In conclusion, discuss the measures to reduce the dangers arising out of regionalism.
Answer -
Regionalism is a political ideology which seeks to increase the political power, influence and/or self-determination of the people of one or more subnational regions. Regionalism can be born due to economic, political and social reasons. Regionalism refers to the prejudice-based negative attitude among the people of a given area of society towards other societies. As a result, communication gap and social distance flourish.
Regionalism can be divided it into positive and negative regionalism.
Regionalism in the positive sense in India-
· Positive regionalism refers to the tendency of the people living in a particular area to promote and preserve their own culture and language. Sometimes it is also called as sub-nationalism.
· It involves a strong desire to reinforce identities such as ethnic, language, religion, etc. in terms of positive aspects.
· The erstwhile Jharkhand Movement, for example extending to the remote areas of Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh, organized itself as a unified group to protect and promote socio-economic and political interests. Ultimately the movement was successful in forcing the government to reorganize the states.
Negative regionalism
On the other hand, negative regionalism refers to prejudice based social distance and hatred, under which people of a particular area have a feeling of intolerance towards others.
This May appear due to following reasons -
· Regionalism born out of economic high spirit - Khalistan
· Regionalism born out of low economic spirit - Telangana , Uttarakhand , Jharkhand
· Regionalism born out of high political spirit - Marathwada, gorkhaland
· Regionalism born out of political inferiority complex - Jammu and Kashmir
· Regionalism born out of high social spirit - Anti-Hindi attitude in Tamil Nadu
· Regionalism born out of inferiority complex at the social level - in the northeastern states
Positive regionalism for any society that accepts diversity , is profitable. Negative regionalism always hinders economic social progress.
National identity as well as regional identity should be given sufficient importance to reduce the negative impact of regionalism as a hindrance to national integration. Instead of motivating us to distance ourselves from regional identity in the name of nationalism and national integration, importance should be given to all India version of regional identity. If the identity of one area gets importance in other areas also, there will be an increase in mutual coordination.
Q2: पंथनिरपेक्षता से आप क्या समझते है ?भारत में धर्मनिरपेक्षता की अवधारणा , धर्मनिरपेक्षता के पाश्चत्य मॉडल से किन अर्थों में भिन्न है ? संगत तर्कों के साथ स्पष्ट कीजिये।
what do you understand by the concept of Secularism in India, In what sense Indian secularism is different from the western model? Explain with relevant arguments.
Approach-
· Define secularism in introduction.
· Explain secularism in India.
· Then express your views on the difference between Indian and Western interpretation.
· Conclude accordingly.
Answer -
India is a country of different religions and beliefs. , Unity in these diversities is the beauty of Indian society. Since there can be many sects in any one religion like Vaishnava sect in Hinduism , Shaivism etc. Thus secularism involves being independent of religion, that is, not interfering in the affairs of religion. , On the other hand, in secularism, it has been accepted to be neutral in the matters of various sects.
Secularism in India -
Secularism is an ideology that supports the separation of religion from politics. It is the principle of separation of government institutions and mandated officials representing the state from religious institutions and religious officials. It tries to make the society feel that one should be devoid of religious supremacy.
According to Prof. M. V. Payali, secularism has been accepted in India in the following sense.
· The state shall not have any religion of its own, nor shall it identify itself with any religion.
· Individuals to adopt any religion as per their wish , There will be complete freedom to believe or not to believe.
· No discrimination can be done on the basis of religion in any public place, in any government office and in any hotel, reservoir, park etc.
· If any social evil is inspired by any religion, that is, it is recognized by any religion, then the state can intervene in this matter.
Difference between Indian and Western interpretation :-
· In the Indian context, all religions should be given equal protection by the state. On the contrary, in the western context, the state should not interfere in religious matters.
· In the Indian context, the state cannot identify itself with any religion. All religions are equally given benefits in policies. In the western context, the state can neither encourage nor discriminate against any religion.
· It is not necessary for the state in India to give equal respect to every aspect of religion. It also allows a similar disregard for certain aspects of organized religions, such as social evils. The state has no role in the western context. Church deals with religious matters by its own rules.
· In India, private beliefs and symbols of religion are allowed to be used in public places or under common law. , But it is not allowed in western countries.
Thus its positive form has been adopted in the Indian concept. Where the state does not have any religion / creed of its own and every person under the state has the freedom of conscience as per his wish. Although this freedom is under reasonable restrictions. Whereas in the West, it focuses on the rigid separation between church and state, while in India the peaceful existence of all religions is central.
