SHIKHAR MAINS 2022- DAY 53 Model Answer English

Q1. अभिशासन में ईमानदारी(Probity in Governance) से आप क्या समझते हैं? साथ ही, अभिशासन में ईमानदारी को सुनिश्चित करने हेतु आवश्यक कुछ आधारभूत सिद्धांतों पर चर्चा कीजिये।       

What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Also, discuss some of the basic principles needed to ensure probity in governance.  

Approach-

·        Begin the answer by briefly explaining the need and importance of Probity in Governance.

·        In the next section, discuss some of the basic principles needed to ensure integrity in governance.

·        In conclusion, mention some measures to ensure integrity/cleanliness in governance.

Answer-

             Honesty is taken in a broad sense which includes virtues like fairness, integrity and candour. Honesty in governance is the evidence of moral behaviour of an individual in a given process. It is derived from the Latin word Probity in English which means proven integrity. Honesty in Governance is that combined form of character under which a person reflects in his behaviour stronger and higher normative values ​​such as integrity, honesty and courteous/decent behaviour. It is related to the risk management approach, which seeks to identify potential risks and formulate strategies to address them by resorting to rigorous procedures.

Honesty and integrity are essential for governance and socio-economic development. It should be the duty of every public servant to ensure honesty and integrity in the government sector and it should be reflected in the methodology, methodology and conduct in every level of administration so that ethical governance can be achieved by promoting ethical values ​​in administration. Honesty in governance is the cornerstone of ethical governance. This is not only necessary for a qualitative democracy, but it is also necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. 

In this direction, the 7 principles of public life given by the Nolan Committee have their importance- 

·        Accountability - Public servants should be able to explain the justification for the decisions taken by them or the ways of discharging their duties and should be ready for every inquiry involving the post.

·        Transparency so that proper functioning of the administrative machinery leads to trust and confidence of all stakeholders in the system (with the exception of secrecy for the security of the nation);

·        Confidentiality - All public officials, especially public officials responsible for the execution of laws, policies and programs with respect to sensitive information, should have the quality of maintaining confidentiality of information. However, he should stick to the concept of administrative justice, striking a fine balance between transparency and confidentiality.

·        Selflessness- One should take decisions purely in public interest while avoiding getting financial or other benefits for himself, his family or friends.

·        Integrity - not to attach oneself to any financial or other liability to outsiders/organizations which is likely to affect the performance of official duties.

·        Objectivity- selection on the basis of merit while making recommendations for public appointments, award of contracts, rewards/benefits;

·        Honesty - to declare any private interest connected with public duty and to take steps to remove any obstacle in the way of fulfilment of public interest;

Conflict of interest management:

·        Conflict of interest - a situation in which an individual/public servant/organization attempts to pursue his personal narrow interests and, in this endeavour, will negatively affect the general interest;

·        Conflict between public duty and personal interest - An attempt by a public official to serve a purpose by abusing his public or organizational position;

3 types of conflict of interest:

·        Genuine conflict of interest - conflict between the legal responsibility of the public servant and the personal interest;

·        Known Conflicts of Interest – Unreasonably affecting organizational performance by a well-thought-out strategy by the personal interest of a public servant;

·        Potential conflict of interest - the development of any personal interest by the public official in future which will affect official behaviour;

Methods of managing and resolving conflicts of interest in the organization:

·        To identify the causes of conflict of interest under cyclical treatment and to determine the corresponding conflict resolution process;

·        Demonstrate leadership commitment so as to develop an appropriate organizational culture;

·        To develop the spirit of participation among the employees/subordinates;

·        Announce effective policy related to conflict of interest and develop an effective monitoring mechanism;

·        Honesty is a necessary and important step to prevent corruption and achieve ethical governance by making the administration efficient, goal-oriented and people-centred.

Many recommendations have also been presented in this regard by the Second Administrative Reforms Commission. In this context, Prevention of Corruption Act (as amended in 1988, 2018), Right to Information Act (2005), Protection of WhistleBlowers Act(2014), Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act(amended in 1988, 2016), Central Vigilance Commission, Lokpal and Lokayukta etc. also have an important role. 

At the same time, in this direction, the government needs to make extra efforts to maintain integrity in public offices, which will have to work towards increasing moral feelings in public servants along with stringent laws.

Q2. निम्नलिखित मे विभेद कीजिए:           

(a) नैतिक संहिता (Code of Ethics) और आचार संहिता (Code of conduct)

(b) अभिवृति और अभिक्षमता

Differentiate between the following: 

(a) Code of ethics and code of conduct

(b) Attitude and Aptitude

(a) Code of ethics and code of conduct:

(b) Attitude and Aptitude