SHIKHAR Mains 2023 Day 16 Model answer English

Q1: नीतिशास्त्र से आप क्या समझते हैं? इसके साथ ही सार्वजनिक जीवन में नीतिशास्त्र का महत्त्व स्पष्ट कीजिये।
What do you understand by Ethics? Along with this, explain the importance of ethics in public life. 8 Marks

Approach:

• Define ethics in the introduction.

• Explain the importance of ethics in public life.

• Conclude with the requirement of ethics in public life.

Answer: 

Ethics is concerned with criteria of what is morally right and wrong. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have direct implications for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like. Ethics is based on the assessment of such human behaviour which is related to the voluntary action of the person, that is, if the person had the option of choosing, then that action would have been done in other ways also. Thus ethics is also concerned with the truthfulness or recognition of moral standards.

Ethics is not related to the individual level of a person, but to the individual as a human being, a member of the organisation and society. The role of family, society and educational institutions is of special importance to develop human values, which are important for socialization. There are various important factors of Ethics that expedite the decision-making process of the individual. If a person is moral then there will be no confusion in his mind, there is uniformity in the mind-thought-action of a moral person.

Importance of ethics in Public Life:

• Ethics reduces the chances of misuse of discretionary powers vested in public servants.

• Ethics encourages a sense of responsibility in individuals/public servants.

• Ethics has special importance in developing self-accountability.

• Ethics proves helpful in maintaining smooth social relationships between individuals and between public and public servants.

• Ethics helps in developing the moral, ethical conduct of public servants/individuals.

• Ethics, social welfare, public interest, social interest encourages protection and development.

• Ethics governs that aspect or dimension of behaviour of a public servant or person which is not possible by formal law or rule of law.

• Ethics encourages efficiency and effectiveness in civil servants.

• Ethics strengthens the credibility of public servants in the eyes of society.

• Ethics makes the interaction between public servants and politicians more smooth.

• Through ethics, public servants have a special responsibility for the optimum use of public resources.

• Ethics creates a sense of leadership among individuals.

Ethics being a universal process, its impact is seen in different fields and at different levels like politics, administration, business, medicine, public service, international relations etc. No human conduct can be justified without moral values.

Thus it is clear that morality plays an important role in the smooth conduct of public life.

Q13. मूल्यों के निर्माण में समाज की भूमिका पर प्रकाश डालिए ।साथ ही किसी व्यक्तिगत उदाहरण के साथ लिखिए कि किस प्रकार आर्जित मूल्यों ने आपको  मार्गदर्शित किया ।

Explain the role of society in imparting values. Also write a personal example how the acquired values ​​have guided you.

Approach:

• In the Introduction, Explain how society plays a crucial role in inculcating values in a child.

• Further, Discuss an instance where you were in a situation of dilemma and came out of it by applying acquired values learnt from home or school.

• Give a brief conclusion.

Answer:

Various units of society impart values to children as an important part of their socialization to prepare them for life ahead. The role of society in inculcating values in a child is explained as under:

• Home acts as the first school of a child and parents are the first teachers. Being the initial point of learning, they inculcate moral values and also ensure development of emotional intelligence in a child.

• Family members/teachers are the immediate role models of a child who replicates his/her behaviour around them. For instance, attitude towards societal rules, stereotypes about a particular caste or religion, respect for others, honesty etc.

• In school, a child learns cooperation and sportsmanship, accepts differences and becomes adaptive after communicating with friends and teachers. This helps a child develop a sense of commitment and integrate with a wider social group.

• A cooperative neighborhood teaches a child the importance of helping and supporting each other in times of need.

• In a harmonious and multi-cultural society, a child learns the significance of values like fraternity, respecting others religious beliefs and cultural practices, tolerance, unity in diversity etc.

• A child also learns values like integrity, honesty, compassion etc. from distinguished members of society. For instance, Dr A P J Abdul Kalam taught students the importance of humility, selfless service, empathy etc.

When I was in the seventh standard, I faced a dilemma. A classmate of mine destroyed school property out of sheer anger and I witnessed his outburst. He threatened that if I were to tell anyone, I would face grave consequences. He had previously physically assaulted other students in school and was prone to turn violent regardless of the gender of the other person. When the teacher found out and enquired about the destruction of school property, I initially hesitated to speak up due to fear.

But, later I found out that the entire class would be held responsible and our parents would collectively have to bear the cost of damage. It was then that I spoke up, as suppressing my voice would have meant succumbing to the threats of a bully and being dishonest with myself along with my cohort and teacher. Moreover, I was always taught to remain truthful in any situation, as lack of honesty will only create unanticipated problems. Thus, I told the truth and prevented the rest of the class from being blamed due to the values that I had acquired from home and school over the years.

Thus, members of family and school teachers inculcate moral values such as honesty, truthfulness, loyalty and integrity in children, which later help them become responsible adults and responsible citizens of the country.