SHIKHAR Mains 2023 Day 22 Model answer English

Updated : 6th Jul 2023

Q1. उत्तर प्रदेश में क्रांतिकारी आंदोलन के प्रयासों को संक्षेप में लिखिए।

Briefly write the efforts of revolutionary movement in Uttar Pradesh. 8 marks

Approach:

Write the beginning of revolutionary movement in Introduction.
Explain why the rise of the Revolutionary Movement
Mention the revolutionary activities in Uttar Pradesh.
Write the appropriate conclusion at the end.

Answer :

The revolutionary movement was one of the many ways/ideologies/mediums for the spread of national consciousness and freedom from British colonial rule. Made the medium of spreading national consciousness through the policy of bomb and pistol and the spirit of self-sacrifice. The beginning of the revolutionary movement in India is considered to be from 22 June 1897 when 'Rand' and Ayerst were murdered by the Chapekar brothers in Poona. Initially Bengal and Maharashtra were the main centers of the movement. After the Second World War, the revolutionary movement spread in Uttar Pradesh.

India's independence was talked about in 1 year by Gandhiji during the non-cooperation movement. In which the public especially the youth took an active part. The Asa-Cooperation Movement was suspended due to the Chauri Chaura incident. Due to this the youth lost their faith in the ideology of non-violent movement.
The youth became convinced that the freedom of the nation could be achieved through self-sacrifice and through bombs and pistols.
The youth were greatly influenced by the Russian revolution and the rise of communism.

Revolutionary Activities in Uttar Pradesh:

Old revolutionaries like Ram Prasad 'Bismil', Yogesh Chatterjee and Shachidranath Sanyal organized the Revolutionary Youth Conference in Kanpur in 1924. In this conference, 'Hindustan Republic Association' (H. R. A.) was formed to organize the revolutionaries. From 1924 to 1931, this organization had influence all over India.
The aim of this organization was to achieve independence from British rule through armed revolution and the establishment of a federal republic "United States of India".
To meet the financial needs of the organization, the British treasury kept in 8 down Saharanpur-Lucknow passenger train near Kakori railway station in Lucknow district was looted on 9 August 1925.
In the Kakori case, Rajendranath Lahiri, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ulla Khan and Roshan Singh were hanged while the other revolutionaries were given punishment ranging from 4 years to maximum life imprisonment. Chandrashekhar Azad escaped and continued the underground movement. kept .
After the Kakori incident, with the aim of continuing the youth struggle, a meeting was organized on 9-10 December 1925 at the Feroz Shah Kotla ground in Delhi.
The name of the Hindustan Republic Association was changed to "Hindustan Socialist Republican Association" at the Feroz Shah Kotla meeting.
The collective leadership was accepted in the Kotla meeting of the revolutionaries.
The aim of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was to establish a socialist, republican state in India.
Lal Lajpat Rai died in protest against the Simon Commission, in revenge for which Assistant Superintendent of Police Saunders was assassinated on 17 December 1928 in Lahore by Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad and Rajguru. This was the first revolutionary activity of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
In 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Dispute Bill. Shiv Verma and Jaidev Kapoor of Uttar Pradesh assisted him in this work.
Both Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt were arrested and tried under the Central Assembly bomb case.
Later, other members of this organization were also arrested and a total of 16 revolutionaries were tried under the Lahore Conspiracy Case.
Meanwhile, in February 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad was martyred during an encounter at Alfred Park in Allahabad.
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were given capital punishment. All three were hanged on March 23, 1931.

The revolutionaries played an important role in the development of the national movement. He inspired the people of all India including Uttar Pradesh to the national spirit through adventurous activities, dedication and commitment towards the nation, self-sacrifice.

Q2: भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में मदन मोहन मालवीय के योगदान की चर्चा करें।

Discuss the contributions of Madan Mohan Malviya in the Indian freedom struggle. 12 Marks

Approach:

Write a brief introduction about Madan Mohan Malaviya.
Describe Madan Mohan Malaviya's role in the Indian independence movement.
Write a conclusion.

Answer:

Madan Mohan Malaviya was a great educator, excellent orator, and renowned national leader who played a significant role in the freedom struggle. He actively participated in the freedom movement by leading various nationalist movements, promoting industries, contributing to the economic and social development of the country, and engaging in activities related to education, religion, social service, Hindi language development, and national importance.

Mahatma Gandhi conferred upon him the title of "Mahamana," and Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the second President of India, bestowed upon him the designation of "Karmayogi."

Role in the Freedom Struggle: Due to his association with both Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he was considered a leader representing the ideology between moderation and radicalism, as well as that between soft and hard nationalism, during the freedom struggle.

Swadeshi Movement: Malaviya played a crucial role in the Swadeshi movement. He promoted the production and use of indigenous textiles and actively campaigned against foreign-made clothing. He famously said, "If making one's own is Swadeshi, then it is high time that it be adopted."

In 1930, when Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Salt Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience Movement, Malaviya actively participated and was also arrested.

Role in the Congress: He was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress four times, in the years 1909, 1918, 1932, and 1933. After Malaviya's arrest in 1933, Nellie Sengupta was chosen as the President of the Congress.

Contributions: Malaviya is remembered for his role in ending the practice of indentured labor known as "Girmitya." Concerned about the policies of the British government affecting the flow of the Ganges River in Bhimgoda, Haridwar, Malaviya established the Ganga Mahasabha in 1905. He served as a successful social reformer and policy-maker, working as a member of the Imperial Legislative Council for 11 years (1909-1920).

It is because of Malaviya's efforts that the Devanagari script (used for Hindi) gained prominence and recognition.

Madan Mohan Malaviya was a multifaceted leader who made significant contributions to the freedom struggle of India. His involvement in various fields such as education, social reform, and national development showcased his dedication to the cause of independence. His legacy continues to inspire generations in the pursuit of a free and prosperous India.