Shikhar Mains Day 4 Answer English
Q1: हमें स्मार्ट शहरों से ज्यादा स्मार्ट गांवों की जरूरत है। चर्चा कीजिए। (8 Marks)
We need smart villages more than smart cities. Discuss. (8 Marks)
Approach-
· Mention the position of urban areas in introduction.
· After this, explain the concept of smart village.
· Finally, conclude the answer by stating the need of smart village.
Answer –
According to the 2017 Economic Survey, around nine million Indians migrate to cities every year in search of better work opportunities. This gradual increase in migration places a burden on the resources and infrastructure of cities. By 2050, it is estimated that more than half of India will be living in urban India.
However, the concept of Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA) was introduced in January 2003 by former President Dr. Abdul Kalam to provide livelihood opportunities and urban amenities to improve the quality of life in rural areas. This included promotion of water and sewerage, construction and maintenance of village roads, drainage, solid waste management, skill development, village street lighting, telecommunications, power generation, village tourism, etc.
Need for smart village –
· In smart villages, Village folks will get employment, this will increase village income and will manifest in good education, food and nutrition standard.
· In Smart Village, along with men, women will also get employment, resulting in women empowerment.
· The income of the common man will increase so that he will be able to take advantage of modern amenities and the problem of malnutrition will also end with the availability of nutritious food.
· Problems like illiteracy, poverty, Malnutrition etc. can be solved by building a smart village and the country can develop at a rapid pace.
· Due to lack of facilities like employment, medical etc. in villages, the problem of migration to cities is increasing. Smart villages can provide intervening opportunities in the village itself leading to less migration towards cities.
· Smart Village will strengthen environmental protection like -
o Control on felling of trees
o Control on water pollution
o Control on air pollution
o Control on land pollution etc.
The concept of Smart Villages was introduced by the Central Government in 2016 with an aim to upgrade 300 villages under the Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rural-Urban Mission. Under this mission, the government aims to provide social, economic and infrastructural development in rural areas which will make these villages smart growth centres. To give a further boost to the scheme, the government later launched the Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana, which aims at integrated development of select clusters of villages.
Q2: भारतीय समाज की प्रमुख विशेषताएं क्या हैं? (12 Marks)
What are the Salient features of Indian society? (12 Marks)
Approach:
- In introduction write 2-3 lines on features of Indian society.
- Enlist the Salient features of Indian society.
- Conclude with the importance of these features.
Answer:
Indian society is an exemplification of multicultural, multi-ethnic and multi-ideological constructs, which co-exist, at once striving to strike harmony and also to retain its individuality.
Salient features of Indian society:
• Multi-ethnic society- Indian society is multi-ethnic in nature due to co-existence of wide variety of racial groups in India. India is home to almost all the racial profiles prevalent in the world,
• Multilingual society- Across the length and breadth of the country, more than 1600 languages are spoken. Among them the major languages are Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali etc.
• Multi-class society- Indian society is segmented into multiple classes. This division can be on the basis of birth as well as financial and social achievements during one's lifetime.
• Patriarchal society- Indian society is largely a patriarchal society where men tend to enjoy greater status than women. However, some tribal societies are matrilineal societies where women have the dominant decision-making power.
• Unity in diversity- This is an inherent feature of Indian society. Diversity in India exists at various levels in different forms. However, beneath this diversity, there is fundamental unity in social institutions and practices.
• Co-existence of traditionalism and modernity- Traditionalism is upholding or maintenance of core values. Whereas modernity refers to questioning the tradition and moving towards rational thinking, social, scientific and technological progress. Due to the spread of education and technological advances, modern thinking among Indians has increased. However, the family life is still bound by traditional value and belief systems.
• Balance between spiritualism and materialism- Spiritualism's main focus is to promote an individual's experience with God. Whereas materialism is a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values. Indian society is largely possessing spiritual orientations. However due to increased westernisation, materialistic tendencies have also become quite visible.
• Balance between Individualism and collectivism- Individualism is a moral, political or social outlook that stresses human independence, self-reliance and liberty. Whereas collectivism is the practice of giving a group priority over each individual in it. There exists a fine balance between them in Indian society.
• Blood and kinship ties- Blood relations and kinship ties enjoy a stronghold over other social relationships. They continue to govern the political and economic spheres of life.
Based on the generous concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbkam (the world is one family), Indian society possess a great cultural heritage. During the course of its evolution, it has accommodated and integrated many communities and their ways of life from time to time.
